"Good," Elias nodded. "Now, for a vessel this size, operating at low vacuum, we can estimate the leakage based on the internal volume. In cell B6, type 'Leakage Factor'. Since our joints are old and rusty, use a conservative factor. Let's say 0.2 kg/hr per m3."

You now have the complete story and the exact Excel formulas to build the sheet yourself. If you'd like, I can also provide:

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t equals the fraction with numerator cap V and denominator q end-fraction l n open paren the fraction with numerator cap P sub 0 and denominator cap P sub 1 end-fraction close paren : Required evacuation time (seconds).

Set up your spreadsheet with clear input and output sections to ensure the formula works correctly across different units. Input Cells Volume (V) : Total liters or of the vessel and connected lines. Initial Pressure (P1) : Atmospheric pressure. Target Pressure (P2) : The absolute pressure you need to reach. : Desired minutes or seconds to reach cap P sub 2 Calculation Cell Use the Excel formula: = (V_cell / t_cell) * LN(P1_cell / P2_cell) 2. Account for Real-World Factors